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What is the whiteness of pulp? How to test whiteness?
The whiteness of pulp is measured using its ability to reflect monochromatic light in comparison to a known standard whiteness (usually magnesium oxide). The most commonly used instrument is the Zeiss Elrepho reflectometer, which emits a scattered light source. The whiteness measured for fully bleached sulphite pulp can be as high as 94 Elrepho units, while unbleached sulphite pulp can be as low as 15 Elrepho units.
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Knowledge of the paper industry: how much money to invest in a paper mill? Modern pulp and paper production operation
Modern pulp and paper mills utilise wood residues as the basic raw material. Production operations are highly automated and many mills are now computer-controlled. In North America, large mills are generally more economically efficient overall due to high labour productivity
Paper Industry Knowledge: Definition of Pulp, Paper and Paperboard
The importance of paper and paper products for everyone in modern life is obvious, and there is no manufactured product that has a more profound effect on all areas of human activity. Paper provides the means of recording, storing and disseminating information; virtually all writing and printing tasks are undertaken by paper. It is the most widely used packaging material and is an important building material.
Paper Knowledge: Why was papermaking invented in China? Was it a foregone conclusion?
Papermaking, which has made such a significant contribution to the history of human civilisation, was invented in China and gradually spread around the globe. This is a historical fact that is recognised throughout the world today.
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Paper knowledge: ancient writing chronicle materials and paper comparison
Since the beginning of the written word, mankind in nearly three thousand years of long years has been used more than a dozen kinds of writing chronicle material, and through this to make the historical events and cultural wealth can be preserved. Generally speaking, the classical writing materials before the appearance of paper can be summarised into three main categories: